{"id":150,"date":"2020-02-20T12:40:34","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T12:40:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.balarisimontessori.com\/?page_id=150"},"modified":"2020-02-25T12:57:48","modified_gmt":"2020-02-25T12:57:48","slug":"montessori-materyalleri-ve-kazanimlari","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/montessori\/montessori-materyalleri-ve-kazanimlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Montessori Materyalleri Ve Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Maria Montessori\u2019nin kavramlar\u0131 basitten karma\u015f\u0131\u011fa, somuttan soyuta \u00f6\u011fretecek \u015fekilde tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her ara\u00e7 kendisinden sonra gelecek ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in alt yap\u0131 olu\u015fturur.
\nMontessori ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tasarlan\u0131rken hata kontrol \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olmalar\u0131 ama\u00e7lan\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n, hatay\u0131 bir yeti\u015fkinin yard\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan, \u00f6nce kendilerinin fark etmesini tercih ettiklerini belirten Maria Montessori\u2019ye g\u00f6re hata yapmak \u00f6\u011frenmenin do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve bir i\u00e7 disiplin geli\u015ftirerek, \u00e7ocu\u011fun g\u00fcven ve karar verme yetene\u011finin geli\u015fmesine destek olur.<\/p>\n

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Maria Montessori bir k\u0131z \u00e7ocu\u011funu geometri dolab\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00e7ekmecesiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Hata kontrol \u00f6zelli\u011fi, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken hatalar\u0131n\u0131 kendilerinin fark etmesini sa\u011flar. Bu sistem Montessori \u00f6\u011frenim materyallerinin otodidaktik (kendi kendine \u00f6\u011frenme) do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 etkiler. Bu da \u00e7ocuklara kal\u0131c\u0131 geri bildirimler verir. Bu \u00f6zellik ile \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmalar\u0131, kendilerine sayg\u0131 duymalar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 disiplin geli\u015ftirmeleri ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u00c7ocu\u011fun geli\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli rol oynayan Montessori ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun bu geli\u015fim alanlar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ili\u015fkilendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

1.G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015fam Materyalleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Montessori e\u011fitimi ile \u00e7ocu\u011fun ilk tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar olan G\u00fcnl\u00fck Hayat Uygulamalar\u0131 \u00e7ocuk i\u00e7in ev ve okul aras\u0131nda rahat bir ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flar. G\u00fcnl\u00fck hayattaki bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n evlerinde g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri \u015feyleri i\u00e7ermektedir. \u00c7ama\u015f\u0131r y\u0131kama, \u00fct\u00fc yapma, bula\u015f\u0131klar\u0131 y\u0131kama, \u00e7i\u00e7ekleri d\u00fczenleme, s\u00fcp\u00fcrme, ayakkab\u0131 cilalama, toz alma gibi al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmalarla \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ellerini kullanma becerilerini ve \u00e7evredekileri ke\u015ffetme yeteneklerini geli\u015ftirilir. Ger\u00e7ek ya\u015famdan etkinlikler Montessori e\u011fitiminde \u00e7ocu\u011fun kendine yeterlili\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemli g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir.
\nG\u00f6zlemleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n evde bu t\u00fcr ara\u00e7larla \u00e7ok fazla ilgilendiklerini g\u00f6ren Maria Montessori, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve kendilerine yeterli olmalar\u0131n\u0131 ister, \u00e7ocuklara do\u011fru zamanda do\u011fru sorumluluklar vererek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n kendi temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in becerilerini geli\u015ftirmeleri gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bireyler ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olduk\u00e7a kendilerine yetebilme duygular\u0131 artar ve kendine yeterli olan bireyler de \u00f6zg\u00fcvenli olurlar.<\/p>\n

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G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015fam \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015fam Materyali-S\u00fcnger ile aktarma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Montessori Zaman\u0131<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
G\u00fcnl\u00fck Ya\u015fam Materyalleri Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h5>\n
    \n
  • \u00c7ocu\u011fa hareketlerini kontrol etmeyi, sab\u0131rl\u0131 olmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir.<\/li>\n
  • \u00c7ocuk i\u00e7in ev ve okul aras\u0131nda rahat bir ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
  • D\u00fczen anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n
  • \u00d6z bak\u0131m becerisi sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
  • Zarafet ve Nezaket \u00f6\u011fretir.<\/li>\n
  • \u00c7ocu\u011fun temel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 \u201cKendi ba\u015f\u0131na yapabilmeyi\u201d \u00f6\u011freterek, \u00f6zg\u00fcvenli olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
  • Konsantrasyon s\u00fcresini artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
  • Her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n farkl\u0131 a\u015famalar\u0131ndaki mant\u0131ksal s\u0131ray\u0131 kavramas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
  • Hizalamay\u0131 ve dengede durmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir.<\/li>\n
  • El g\u00f6z koordinasyonunu geli\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n
  • Parmak, bilek, kol, dirsek ve omuz kaslar\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    2-Duyu Materyalleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

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    \u00d6\u011frenmenin temelinde duyular\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir rol\u00fc oldu\u011funa inanan Maria Montessori g\u00f6rme, i\u015fitme, koklama, tatma ve dokunma duyular\u0131na y\u00f6nelik ara\u00e7lar tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00f6zlemleriyle \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n hareket ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 fark etmi\u015f ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n sabit durmad\u0131klar\u0131, hareketli bir e\u011fitim ortam\u0131 tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 hareketli tasarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n geli\u015fiminde \u00f6nemli yeri olan devinduyumsal ve stereognostik duyular\u0131 da etkin kullanmay\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir e\u011fitim y\u00f6ntemi ortaya \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n hareket edebildikleri zaman beyin kapasitelerinin artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilimsel ispatlar\u0131 olan bir ger\u00e7ektir. Montessori E\u011fitimi geleneksel e\u011fitimlerden farkl\u0131 olarak \u00e7ocu\u011fa hareket imkan\u0131 veren tek y\u00f6ntemdir.
    \nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yap\u0131lan n\u00f6rolojik deney ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar, beynimizin korteks tabakas\u0131nda her duyunun \u00f6zel bir alana sahip oldu\u011funu ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Kortekste en b\u00fcy\u00fck alan\u0131n ellerimize ait oldu\u011fu ve ellerimizden giden hareket ve konum\/koordinat bilgisinin bu alanda saklanarak, di\u011fer alanlarda kodlanan bilgilerle ili\u015fkilendirildi\u011fi ispat edilmi\u015ftir. Bu durum beyin kapasitesini do\u011frudan etkiler.
    \n\u00c7ocuklar\u0131n ellerinden ald\u0131klar\u0131 bilgi \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecindeki en k\u0131ymetli bilgidir. Beyinde hem motor hem duyumsal olarak ellerden gelen bilginin i\u015flendi\u011fi alan di\u011fer duyulardan gelen bilginin i\u015flendi\u011fi alanla k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. Bu nedenle Montessori Ara\u00e7lar\u0131\u2019yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n beynine y\u00fcksek miktarda kaliteli uyaran yollar.
    \nDuyu Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7ocu\u011fun en \u00e7ok devinduyumsal ve stereognostik duyular\u0131 ile g\u00f6rme duyusunu etkileyerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. 3 Boyutlu d\u00fcnyay\u0131 tan\u0131mlamaya yarayan bilgiler bu Montessori Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sayesinde \u00e7ocu\u011fa iletilir. Uzun-k\u0131sa, b\u00fcy\u00fck-k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, geni\u015f-dar ya da kal\u0131n-ince gibi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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    Pembe Kule ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan \u00e7ocuk \u00f6nce boyut kavram\u0131n\u0131 sonra boyutlara g\u00f6re s\u0131ralamay\u0131 ve b\u00fcy\u00fck-k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kavram\u0131n\u0131 dokunarak, eliyle ve hatta t\u00fcm bedeniyle \u00f6l\u00e7erek \u00f6\u011frenir. Geleneksel e\u011fitimde bu kavramlar \u00e7ocuklara soyut bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011fretilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131rken, bahsetti\u011fimiz gibi kavramlar\u0131n somut hale gelmesi ancak Montessori Ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ile m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

    \"\"\"\"\"\"<\/p>\n

    Duyu Materyalleri Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h5>\n
      \n
    • \u00c7ocu\u011fun \u00e7evresiyle ili\u015fki kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n
    • Konsantrasyonu\/dikkat yo\u011funlu\u011funu artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • El \u2013 g\u00f6z koordinasyonun geli\u015fimini destekler.<\/li>\n
    • Hizalamay\u0131 ve dengede durmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011fretir.<\/li>\n
    • Matemati\u011fe haz\u0131rlar ve hacim ya da alan bilgisinin temellerini olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
    • Duyular\u0131 hassasla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Yarat\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 geli\u015ftirerek sanat ve esteti\u011fe kar\u015f\u0131 duyarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • \u0130nce ve kaba motor geli\u015fimini destekler.<\/li>\n
    • Benzerlikleri fark etme ve bunlar\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirme yetene\u011fi kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/li>\n
    • Z\u0131tl\u0131klar aras\u0131ndaki farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 g\u00f6rmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Maria Montessori\u2019nin kavramlar\u0131 basitten karma\u015f\u0131\u011fa, somuttan soyuta \u00f6\u011fretecek \u015fekilde tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 her ara\u00e7 kendisinden sonra gelecek ara\u00e7lar i\u00e7in alt yap\u0131 olu\u015fturur. Montessori ara\u00e7lar\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 tasarlan\u0131rken hata kontrol \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip olmalar\u0131 ama\u00e7lan\u0131r. \u00c7ocuklar\u0131n, hatay\u0131 bir yeti\u015fkinin yard\u0131m\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duymadan, \u00f6nce kendilerinin fark etmesini tercih ettiklerini belirten Maria Montessori\u2019ye g\u00f6re hata yapmak \u00f6\u011frenmenin do\u011fal bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ve<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":47,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=150"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":203,"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/150\/revisions\/203"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/47"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/balarisimontessori.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}